3 million frames-per-second SPAD RGB system for low-light high-speed imaging

We present a high-speed imaging system based on a SPAD image sensor with RGB color pixels, capable of capturing 3 million binary frames per second (3 Mfps) at a resolution of 512 × 64 pixels. Designed for low-light, high-speed applications, the system overcomes limitations of conventional sensors, which suffer from low SNR and poor sensitivity in photon-starved conditions.
Beyond native 1-bit image depth, the system supports extended bit-depth modes of 4, 8, and 10 bits, operating at 185,000 FPS, 11,000 FPS, and 3,000 FPS respectively. This flexible bit-depth and framerate scaling allows the system to adapt to various application  needs, balancing resolution, dynamic range, and temporal resolution as required. The result is a versatile, robust imaging platform optimized for high-performance vision in extreme conditions.